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前言
“争论”在生活中时有发生，其解释是两个或者多个人由于目的或者价值观的差异，无法和别人达成一个共同的结论，而互相表达自己观点的一个过程。通过争论，可以明事理，现真相，得到真理。今天我们要辨析的便是“争论”在法律英语中的使用。
Argue/ Debate/ Dispute/ Reason
争辩、辩论
01
argue
最常用单词，主要用于说服他人接受某项结论或支持、证明某项结论，其有时措辞较激烈，有接近争吵之嫌。
(If one personargues withanother, they speak angrily to each other about something that they disagree about.
——Collins Dictionary)
例如：
We"re always arguing with each other about money.
They argued for the right to strike.
02
debate
通常指正式的argue，双方陈述观点，过程受裁决人的控制，且按一定的规则进行，尤指议会对议案进行讨论等。
( Parliamentary law. Formal consideration of a motions merits in the form of speeches for, against,or otherwise addressing the motion.
——Black"s Law Dictionary)
例如：
控制辩论(controlled debate)
辩论议程(debate agenda)
赞成辩论(pro-con debate)
03
dispute
常指感情多于理性的argue，且常带有一种派系观点。
(A conflict or controversy,especially,one that has given rise to a particular lawsuit.
——Black"s Law Dictionary)
例如：
可仲裁争端(arbitrable dispute)
争议解决(dispute resolution)
次要争议(minor dispute)
04
reason
多指谨慎和煞费苦心进行的争辩，目的在于劝导或作某课题上深层次的探讨。
(To attempt to arrive at a conclusion through close examination, inference, and thought; to from a specific judgment about a situation after carefully considering the facts.
——Black"s Law Dictionary)
例如：
She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.
They couldn"t fire him, he reasoned. He was the only one who knew how the system worked.
当争执发生以后，就需要进行调解，以免矛盾升级。接下来我们要辨析的词汇就是“调解、调停”。
Mediation / Conciliation / Reconciliation / Settlement / Compromise
调解、调停
01
mediation
多指第三方参与进行调节的程序和过程，其目的是通过该程序以促进争议得以reconciliation、settlement或compromise。
(Int"l Law. A process whereby a neutral country helps other countries peacefully resolve disputes between them.
——Black"s Law Dictionary)
例如：
评价中介(evaluative mediation)
促进调解(facilitative mediation)
02
conciliation
常指法庭审判前或劳资争议仲裁前让当事人通过友好的非对抗方式协议谈判解决争议，不强调第三人作用，其也多表示一种过程，有时等于mediation。
(More specifically, a process in which a neutral person meets with the parties to a dispute and explores how the dispute might be resolved; especially, a relatively unstructured method of dispute dispute resolution in which a third party facilitates communication between parties in an attempt to help them settle their differences.
——Black"s Law Dictionary)
例如：
调解法庭(conciliation court)
调解程序(conciliation procedure)
03
reconciliation
指调停争端，使双方重新恢复原有的协调关系，尤其指夫妻双方自愿恢复夫妻共同生活关系，故为“重修旧好”。
(Family Law. Voluntary resumption, after a separation, of full marital relations between spouses.
——Black"s Law Dictionary)
例如：
和解协议(reconciliation agreement)
和解表(reconciliation statement)
04
settlement
指当事人通过谈判达成协议以了结法律诉讼，其常指一种mediation的结果，多为庭外进行，故为“（庭外）协议调解”。
(An agreement ending a dispute or lawsuit.
——Black"s Law Dictionary)
例如：
司法解决(judicial settlement)
庭外和解(out-of-court settlement)
05
compromise
指双方当事人为解决争议，均作出适当的妥协让步的协议，故为“妥协性和解协议”。
(An agreement between two or more persons to settle matters in dispute between them; an agreement for the settlement of a real or supposed claim in which each party surrenders something in concession to the other.
——Black"s Law Dictionary)
例如：
折中裁判(compromise verdict)
和解协议(compromise and settlement)
结
语
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